Which components make up the central nervous system?

The central nervous system (CNS) is primarily composed of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is responsible for processing sensory information, coordinating movement, and controlling cognitive functions such as thinking and memory. It serves as the main control center for the body, while the spinal cord acts as a critical pathway for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Together, these two components allow for the integration of sensory input and motor output, enabling complex bodily functions and responses to environmental stimuli.

While peripheral nerves and other components mentioned in the other choices are important for the overall nervous system, they are classified under the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which works in conjunction with the CNS. Therefore, the identification of the brain and spinal cord as the components of the central nervous system reflects the core structure responsible for processing and responding to information within the body.